Expository “Extras” with Katy S. Duffield

We are so excited to have Katy S. Duffield join us today to share information about Expository Nonfiction Picture Books!


I LOVE a good story. You know the feeling—falling headfirst into a good book with an enticing beginning, a flowing middle, and an oh-so-right ending—only to come out hours later asking: what time is it? Narrative storytelling (whether fiction or nonfiction) has a compelling “pull,” because it typically has conflict, a distinct story arc, and a satisfying ending.

But storytelling wasn’t a good fit for my topic when I was writing my nonfiction picture book, Crossings: Extraordinary Structures for Extraordinary Animals (illustrated by the amazing Mike Orodán). If I’d wanted to write about one particular animal using a certain wildlife crossing, I could have written in a story-oriented narrative style. But what I most wanted was to feature a variety of fascinating crossings along with the wide range of animals that use them, so instead of narrative nonfiction, I knew expository fiction was the way to go.

(*for more about expository and narrative nonfiction, nonfiction structure types, and everything kidlit nonfiction, visit author Melissa Stewart’s website http://www.melissa-stewart.com).

But without “story,” I needed to come up with other ways to pull readers in. I asked myself: How can I write about wildlife crossings in an engaging way? So, I did what I often do—I dove headfirst into the books on my bookshelf. The expository nonfiction books I adore have all kinds of yummy—what I call “extras”—spare text, lyrical language, refrains, and a big dose of heart. These would be the elements that would make my manuscript sing!

Spare Text

The main text of the first manuscript that my editor saw was around 400 words (the book also includes layered text on each spread to expand on what is shown in the main text). Pretty spare, right? But my super-sharp editor had her super-sharp revision scissors at the ready. I’ll admit, I hesitated at first. I’d worked hard on my beginning “set-up” and on my evocative descriptions, but I pruned them even more. And…my editor was right. The final main text clocked in around 250 words and felt much “tighter” overall. Here’s a “before” and “after” example:

Original text:

The roar of the tide calls—a massive wave of red crabs floods the forest floor,

then scuttles up, up and OVER a specially-created crab bridge toward the ocean.

Final text as it appears in the book:

Refrain

Luckily (thankfully!), the refrain I used throughout the book: “Over. Under. Across. Through.” came to me quite early in the process. I wanted the piece to feel “active,” and since the text focuses on the animals’ movement throughout the crossings, using prepositions that denote movement seemed to be an interesting and appropriate choice. As a bonus, the refrain, (along with a focus on poetic word choice) added a lyrical element to the text.

Heart

I knew that the endangered animal topic would have a strong heartstring tug of its own, but I also wanted to highlight the people who care so much about these animals and how they go about helping them. My first attempt was okay, but I felt it needed more, so I kept working on it to find the just-right approach.

Original:

Animal-loving superheroes, don their capes, pick up their pencils, set their minds to Figure. It. Out.

And they come up with ideas, answers—

—Ideas and answers that will help save the world’s animals.

The following is a look at the revised text which has been reworded and tightened and, which now includes the “Over. Under” refrain. The addition of “opening their minds and their hearts” also allowed me to use a version of that phrasing on the final page which helped the text come full circle (bonus!):

For me, studying the elements of books I love can help me see my manuscript in news ways. So, if you’re working on a piece of expository nonfiction, don’t fret that you don’t have a built-in story. Instead, take a look at some of the expository nonfiction books that you love and see what “extras” you can find to enhance your work-in-progress.

Happy writing!


Thanks so much for joining us, Katy!

You can find Katy on her website at www.katyduffield.com or on instagram @katysduff.

Nonfiction Science Picture Books with Jane Kurtz

We are so excited to have Jane Kurtz join us today to share information about Nonfiction Science Picture Books!


Jane Kurtz is the author of more than 40 books for young readers—and has collaborated to create many more through her volunteer efforts to invent Ready Set Go bilingual books in Ethiopian languages. Because of those efforts, she is a winner of the IBBY-iRead Outstanding Reading Promoter Award. She is sometimes lucky enough to teach the Picture Book Intensive at the Vermont College of Fine Arts MFA in Children’s and YA Literature.


Where is that just-right picture book idea lurking?

One day, I was on a writing retreat. Picture books were then in a phase of irony and sly winks that baffled or infuriated a number of grandparents (try reading buyer reviews) and some writers. This photo from retreat shows my sense of humor. As Betsy Bird wrote, “It'll be the wry child that takes to I Want My Hat Back but the world is full of wry youth.”

We were making each other laugh by coming up with outrageous ideas for picture books, when the words “zoo poo” came out of the mouth of Jackie Briggs Martin whose lyrical Snowflake Bentley won a Caldecott medal. “Hold on,” I said.

Jackie and I are both interested in compost and gardens and citizen science. We both love the sounds of words. And nonfiction picture books were starting to enter a glorious age. I tried to convince her to take that idea seriously. She gave it to me instead.

Then I was stuck.

Picture book biographies often flow from a childhood incident to some kind of amazing accomplishment. A person’s life gives a place to start and end.

A creative nonfiction science book? What’s a pleasing and effective shape that pulls the reader in…and builds…and has some kind of turn or change…and delivers a payoff?

I’d visited the Portland zoo with my grandkids. Their zoo doo was enticing for my backyard habitat.

I also watched a delightful video about the Woodland Park Zoo, which composts approximately 500 tons of Zoo Doo each year. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjfNVEvRI3w

So focus on one of those zoos? Or write about different sustainability efforts with zoo poo all around the world?

Much later, some smart nonfiction-writing fifth graders helped me see that I ended up with a “problem-solution” structure. At the time, I just kept thinking about how to hook the reader.

One day, I was looking at the worms in my compost bin. It occurred to me that my audience might not even know to connect poo-ing with chewing. Although I had no plans for a rhyming text, this popped out:

Welcome to the zoo and the peaceful sound of chewing.

Everybody eats, all around the zoo.

Different mouths.  Different teeth. Welcome to the view.

Munch munch the herbivores eat fruit and leaves and trees.

Crunch crunch the carnivores devour meat with glee.

Oh, oh the omnivores nibble spiders and seeds.

And then…

Splat

Splosh

Plop

Dink

Welcome to the zoo with the funny sounds of poo-ing.

(All those words ultimately boiled down to this.)

My research process was fairly simple. I started with what I knew about animals in Ethiopia where I grew up seeing lots of scat. Hyenas, giraffes, monkeys, and elephants all auditioned and got in.

Then I poked around, looking for whatever fascinated me: pandas with their pleasant bamboo-scented poo. Wombats with their puzzling cube-shaped poo that scientists were trying to understand.

My initial question (what do zoos do with all that poo?) became the turn, leading in to various answers to that question. I had to fight for the worms from my compost bin to make their way in (worm poop plus zoo poop grows perfect zoo-chini).

In the end, my book does make readers laugh. Here are my grandkids celebrating with me on the book birthday.

But I’m proud that it was also a finalist that year for the AAAS/Subaru SB&F Prize for Excellence in Science Books. What a reward for a ton of hard work: science that engages readers and makes them laugh and think!


Thanks so much for joining us, Jane!

You can find Jane on her website at www.janekurtz.com, on Instagram @writerjanie, or on twitter @janekurtz.